3+2-Axis and 5-Axis CNC machining offers multi-axis capabilities, allowing you to machine along five axes. However, both devices operate differently, influencing their precision and surface finishing, among other intricate machining features. Indeed, both devices are suitable for fabricating intricate features with complex geometries, but slight variations in their operation may alter the results obtained using either device.
As a result, we provide a comprehensive overview, including detailed comparisons and contrasts between 3+2 vs 5-axis CNC. We also went further to ease the decision-making process, making it easier to select the one that best suits your project’s requirements.
What is 3+2-Axis CNC?
3+2-axis CNC is a multi-axis machining process in which three linear axes (X, Y, and Z) are combined with two rotational axes (A and B). However, its operation differs from complete 5-axis machining. While the device can cut along five axes, the tool is fixed at an angle such that the machine only operates simultaneously along the three linear axes.
Therefore, the 3+2-axis CNC does not offer continuous cutting motion like 5-axis machining. Still, it is ideal for applications that require high precision on multiple faces of a part. The process is still more effective than the standard 3-axis machining for creating complex parts.
Even though the device is less flexible, machinists don’t need to reposition the workpieces when machining such complex features manually. As a result, 3+2-axis CNC also ensures high precision and dimensional accuracy, making them suitable in precision-focused industries like aerospace and automotive.
What is the 5-axis CNC?
As hinted above, the 5-axis CNC allows machinists to cut along a workpiece in up to five axes. However, unlike the 3+2_axis device, the 5-axis machines are more flexible and capable of delivering said cuts simultaneously. This capability allows continuous movement of the cutting tool and workpiece, enabling more intricate and efficient machining of complex shapes and contours.
In 5-axis machining, the cutters can approach the workpiece from virtually any angle at the same time. This feature makes the device highly versatile and ideal for creating parts with intricate geometries in the aerospace, medical, and automotive industries. Moreover, it requires less setup time, improving the machining speed and accuracy, making it a better option for rapid tooling and prototyping applications.
3+2 vs 5 Axis CNC: Differences and Comparison
Having explained both processes, we can now discuss their differences and comparisons.
Capabilities
While 3+2 and 5-axis CNC offer multi-axis machining applications, their operations differ. Generally, 3+2 CNC typically uses shorter and more rigid cutting tools with fixed rotational axes, making them a good option for creating angled features. They can also create undercut cavities, steep walls, and other complex features as they rotate the workpiece to a fixed position.
On the other hand, the complete simultaneous movement of 5-axis CNC cutters makes them a better option for highly intricate, multi-angled parts that require greater precision and speed. This feature makes it a better option for more advanced applications. Ideally, this device can fabricate everything the 3+2 device creates.
Cost
Cost is one of the primary reasons for choosing between 3+2-axis and 5-axis precision CNC machining services. Generally, 5-axis machining is more expensive due to its advanced capabilities and the need for more complex programming and specialized tooling. The machine itself is also more costly to purchase and maintain.
In contrast, 3+2-axis machining is less expensive, both in terms of service and setup costs, but may require more time for certain tasks, especially if multiple setups are needed. However, for simpler parts or jobs that don’t require continuous motion, the 3+2-axis can offer cost-effective solutions without compromising too much on quality.
Precision and Accuracy
Both 3+2-axis and 5-axis CNC machines offer high precision, but 5-axis machining generally provides better accuracy due to its full simultaneous movement. In 3+2-axis machining, the rotational axes are locked during cutting, limiting the cutter’s movement. This feature slightly limits its precision for complex geometries. On the other hand, the continuous movement of all five axes in 5-axis machining ensures a smoother and more detailed finish, especially for intricate parts with curves and angles.
Surface Finish
The surface finish in 5-axis machining is typically superior to 3+2-axis machining. Generally, surface finishing is linked to the precision standard of a manufacturing process. Therefore, since the 5-axis is more precise, it provides a better surface finish.
The continuous and simultaneous movement across all axes of 5-axis machines ensures smoother surface finishes, reducing the need for secondary operations like polishing. In contrast, 3+2-axis machines may require additional post-processing to achieve a similar level of surface quality, especially on more complex parts.
Programming Complexity
The programming requirements for 5-axis CNC machining are generally more complex than for 3+2-axis machining. The simultaneous movement of five axes requires more advanced software and higher programming expertise. In contrast, 3+2-axis CNC machines have simpler programs since the two rotational axes are locked during cutting, making them easier to manage for operators with less experience in full 5-axis systems.
3+2-axis vs 5-axis: Which Machining Option is Better for You?
When comparing 5-axis vs machining, you should understand that both methods will enhance your production efficiency beyond the standard CNC device. However, your project specifications may require you to choose between both devices.
For relatively simpler applications involving plane processing or angled features, 3+2-axis machining is a cost-effective solution. It offers many of the benefits of 5-axis machining without the need for continuous movement, making it a great step up from traditional 3-axis machining without a significant increase in cost.
In contrast, 5-axis machining is better suited for highly intricate parts with complex geometries and tight tolerances. It provides more significant flexibility, allowing for the simultaneous cutting of multiple surfaces, which reduces setup time, improves accuracy, and shortens lead times. However, it comes with higher initial costs and more complex programming demands.
Therefore, 3+2-axis machining might be better for machining services with occasional multi-angle processing. However, 5-axis machining is the go-to option for high-precision, high-complexity projects. Again, choose based on your production needs, budget, and the complexity of the parts you wish to manufacture.
Conclusion
Choosing between 3+2-axis and 5-axis CNC machining depends on the part’s complexity, budget, and precision requirements. While 5-axis machining offers greater flexibility and superior surface finish, it comes with higher costs and programming complexity. On the other hand, 3+2-axis machining provides a cost-effective solution for less intricate parts or those that don’t require simultaneous multi-axis movement. Therefore, since we have provided you with a comprehensive review of each’s capabilities and limitations, you can select the most efficient and cost-effective CNC service for your manufacturing needs.
